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A review on the set-subset relationship between co-existent cause and conjoined cause in Abhidharma-mahā-vibhāsā-śāstra

Introduction “This being, that exists; through the arising of this that arises. This not being, that does not exist; through the ceasing of this that ceases.” The doctrine of Conditioned Co-arising, as the profound teaching of the Buddha, obviously illustrates a certain kind of causal relationship. Thus in his answer to a Brahman’s interrogation to…

Controversies between Vasubandhu and Saṃghabhadra on Simultaneous Causality (sahabhū-hetu) – A brief review

Introduction Having reviewed the Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya-śāstra (AKB) and the Abhidharma-Nyāyānusāra-śāstra (Ny) on the controversies and the evolvement of the concept of co-existent cause, I would like to illustrate how Vasubandhu, a pro-Sautrāntika Abhidharmika drawn out the implicit meaning of simultaneous causality and redefined it as ‘reciprocally effects’ (互為果) in AKB. Vasubandhu used this new definition to…

Free will is an illusion

Free will is an illusion as it cannot be proved or falsified. However, it is an essential mental construct so as to ensure one’s responsibility and dignity. In fact, there is no absolute free will – every action or thought is composed with the elements of conditioned and conditioning – this is the reality and…